^314:2 I have omitted the quotation from the Saddharma pundarika and abbreviated the one from the Sutra of the Great Decease. I will here merely call attention to a parallelism between Christian and Buddhist history. About A.D. 70 or a little later all Christ's disciples have passed to their rest, and a new era begins. About this time in Buddhism comes the era of the Image Law. About A.D. 1000 commences a new era of ignorance with the Crusades, followed by a very imperfect Reformation. It is the period of Mappo, during which in both religions the doctrines of Faith are preached. This second Millennium is not yet finished, but one can see the dawn of better things beginning shortly after Clive's victory at Plassey--in the simultaneous and gradual religious awakening of both East and West.

^314:3 The monk's stole.

^315:1 I must refer my reader to what I have said concerning these Patriarchs of the Pure Land Sects in my little book, "Shinran and his Work" (Tokyo: Kyobunkwan). I would also refer him to Dr. Haas' very excellent treatise, "Amida unsere Zuflucht," in the "Religionsurkunden der Volker" (Leipzig: Dietrich). Dr. Haas has made a very useful collection of the writings of leading Amidaists, and I am very thankful to have had the opportunity of consulting his work before sending these pages to the printer.

^315:2 The words in Japanese are sha (), hei (), kaku (), bo ().

^316:1 This charge is perfectly true. As a matter of fact, the believers of the Pure Land sects never talk of any except the eighteenth Vow, leaving the other forty-seven strictly on one side. But then it is quite clear (see my Shinran and his Work") that there is a non-Buddhistic strain in their doctrines, which is almost Pauline.

^316:2 According to the Tendai, who accept the whole of the Mahayana Canon, Shaka's ministerial life fell into five distinct periods, according to which the whole body of the Scriptures ought to be arranged.

^316:3 Amida sanzon, referring to the Three Bodies of Amida--a striking parallel to our conception of the Trinity.

^316:4 All these priests belong to the Tendai sect, which was marvellously comprehensive in its attempts to arrange all the Sutras according to one system.

^317:1 Yakushi Nyorai, the Master of Medicines, had twelve disciples, and went about healing sickness.

^317:2 I.e. Akshobya, whose special virtues were magic and a supposed gift of long life.

^318:1 We must remember that it is the constant teaching of Japanese Buddhism that these Sutras were actually spoken by Buddha. The Visitor evidently belongs to the Tendai, but the Tendai opened its wide heart to Amida worship as well as to other forms.

^318:2 The sect of the Four S'astras is one which never reached Japan; it was purely Chinese.