^38:3 I am sorry not to be able to give more clear indications of the source from which I have drawn my information. The Japanese article on Abraxas, on which I have relied, is a long treatise of over fifty pages in a collection of Buddhist essays entitled () and was written by a man who certainly had no knowledge of Egyptian history or thought. He takes the word Abarakakia, to which he adds a final syllable un, as representing the sum-total of the Universe, the Five Elements, with un (= alaya, the Spirit). He says that the whole word is sometimes abbreviated by taking the first syllable A and the last syllable un, thus making A-un (= om). Corresponding to the six elements (including alaya) there are six skhandhas, six colours, six geometrical forms, etc., all of which are expressed by six hieroglyphics, which are not Chinese ideographs, but evidently of Egyptian origin. Abarakakiun also comes in certain Wasan, or hymns, belonging to various Buddhist sects. There is an evident allusion to the "Holy Name of the Six Letters." The Gnostic word Caulaucau is also found in Japanese Funeral Rites.

^41:1 Again see Prof. Pelliot's article in Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise de l'Extreme Orient, viii. 3-4.

^42:1 For this see Chap. V. on "Pushyamitra."

^42:2 Vincent Smith translates these titles as follows:--

a. The Exaltation of Discipline.

b. The Supernatural Powers of the Aryas.

l. Fears of what may happen.

d. The Song of the Hermit.

e. The Dialogue on the Hermit's Life.

z. The Questioning of Upatishya.

e. The Address to Rahula, beginning with the subject of Falsehood.

[paragraph continues] He points out that these "passages" have all been identified, with the exception of a, by Rhys Davids in J.R.A.S for 1898, p. 639. It has been contended that these books were not written, but handed down memoriter, and recited by men who knew them by heart. But if As'oka could write his edicts, why suppose that the monks could not write their books?

^44:1 I have constantly made use of M. Drouin's exhaustive article on Bactriane in the "Grande Encyclopedie."

^44:2 It is to be remembered that, according to the northern books, it was the Vrijji-putrakas who, at the Vaisali Council, demanded a relaxation on some points of Buddhist discipline, and who, being unable to get their request granted by the Sthavisas, "trekked" over the frontiers of Magadha into the lands beyond the Himalaya.