^87:1 Cf. also Neumann's "Die Reden Gotamo Buddhas." I have also learned very much from Leon Feer's Buddhist articles in the Journal Asiatique.

^87:2 See J.R.A.S for 1893, p. 512. The dreams are found in Thibetan; also in Nanjo's Catalogue, 543, 631, 632 (connected with Prasenajit). They have likewise made their way into Russian folklore.

^88:1 It is a testimony to the early existence of a schism in Buddhism that the two lists of patriarchs of the Northern and Southern Schools respectively agree only in one name--that of Kas'yapa, the immediate successor of S'akyamuni. This implies that the two parties went each its own way immediately after Kas'yapa's death, which occurred not long after that of S'akyamuni. As'oka possibly tried to effect a reunion, and may indeed have had some temporary success.

^89:1 I here give the eighteen Hinayana sects as found in Japanese books. There were two main divisions which were made very early, some would have it as early as the Council of the Grotto immediately after S'akyamuni's death, others at the Second Council of Vais'ali, a hundred years later. According to this view, the Mahasanghikas, who were the liberally inclined amongst the monks, being unable to communicate any longer with the conservative Sthaviras, broke loose and formed themselves into separate communities outside the limits of the Magadhan kingdom. In this way the germs were planted out of which later grew the two Vehicles. The Mahasanghikas (Daishubu, ) were divided into (i) Issetsubu (), (ii) Sesshusebu (), (iii) Kei-in-bu (), (iv) Tamonbu (), (v) Setsu-ge bu (), (vi) Seitasanbu (), (vii) Seisanjubu (), (viii) Hokusanjubu ().

The Sthaviras () were not so numerously subdivided. Their sub-sects were (ix) Setsuissaiubu (), (x) Tokushibu (), (xi) Hojobu () (xii) Kenchobu (), (xiii) Shoryobu (), (xiv) Mitsurinsanbu (), (xv) Ketabu () (xvi) Hozobu (), (xvii) Onkobu (), (xviii) Kyoryobu ().

Murakami enumerates twenty sects by reckoning in a parent Sthavira and a parent Mahasanghika sect. Some of these sects, e.g. those in which the character , san ("mountain"), appears, were most probably local. No. ix., known in Sanskrit as Sarvastivadins, were the most powerful. It was for this sect that Kanishka erected the great stupa for Buddha's relics lately unearthed near Peshawur. No. xvi, the Dharmaguptas, were very strong on the Vinaya, and through it exercised much influence in China. Nothing is known about the majority of the sects here enumerated. It must not be supposed that the Hinayana disappeared before the rising Mahayana. It continued side by side with its rival, not only in India, but also in China and Japan. It seems probable, however, that the Mahayana ultimately absorbed many of the Mahasanghika subjects.