^100:1 I will remind Celtic readers of the Welsh tradition preserved in Barddas that their ancient religion came to them from Taprobane, or Ceylon. In that case, it is within the bounds of possibility that the Arthurian legend may have been an adaptation of the Indian one, with Arthur as S'akyamuni, and Modred as Devadatta.

^100:2 In Japan, the possession of the sword, mirror, and jewel makes their owner the legitimate sovereign. When the empire was for a few years divided between two rival lines, the legitimate line was recognized by these tokens, though it was the other line which eventually won the day. The Huns had the same tradition about the sword. But theirs had been lost for centuries (can it have been in Japan?), and was discovered accidentally and brought to Attila. The possession of this sword made Attila the recognized chieftain of all the Huns.

^101:1 As'vaghosha's great poem is the Buddhacarita, of which there is a translation in S.B.E., vol. xix., but there are some other minor poems as well, in praise of Amida.

^101:2 See Journal Asiatique, Ser. X. vol. xii. p. 1 (July, 1908).

^102:1 See Journal Asiatique, Ser. X., vol. xii. p. 1.

^102:2 As'vaghosha's great works are the "Awakening of Faith" and the "Book of Great Glory." See Suzuki, op. cit.

^103:1 Suzuki, op. cit., p. 145. It is not known what Sutra is here mentioned, but it is generally supposed to be the Sukhavati Vyuha. If so, this is the earliest mention of the book, as it is also the earliest mention of the name of Amitabha. For the development of the doctrine of Amitabha, I will refer the reader to my "Shinran and His Work"; also to Haas, "Amida unsere Zuflucht" (Leipzig: Dietrich, 1910). The allusion to "seeing Buddhas" is capable of two interpretations, for the word for Buddha may be singular or plural. If singular, then it refers to Amitabha; if plural, it refers to the many inferior Buddhas, who are treated as so many "members" (bunshin) of the True Buddha Amida, who in the Sutra of Forty-two Sections is treated as superior to all Buddhas. The Japanese Shingonists, who make Vairoc'ana to be the Supreme, say that Amida is identical with him.

The Dharmakaya is that spiritual body of Buddha which is capable of being spiritually present everywhere. The conception is not unlike that of the Christian "Real Presence" of Christ.

^104:1 I would refer my readers to Professor Anesaki's article on As'vaghosha in vol. i. of Hasting's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Philosophy, and to a long article by M. Sylvain in the Journal Asiatique for July and August, 1908.