^113:1 See Introduction to Saddh. in S.B.E., vol. xxi. p. 1. The Gandhavyuha is another name for Kegon. The Nagas were tribes of Indians who worshipped the serpent (naga), and always appear as the protectors of Buddhism. The terms Ophite and Naassene are etymologically the same as Naga; and it is noteworthy that while Nagarjuna is getting his inspiration from a Naga sage, the Ophites in the Roman Empire (see Irenaeus, p. 110, ed. Migne) should be proclaiming in a like manner the "Wisdom of the Serpent." In "Asiatic Researches," vol. x. p. 83 foll., mention is made of a Christian king in India, Vijaya, who lived A.D. 77, and was very possibly a Gnostic. He is spoken of as a Takshaka, a caste connected with the Nagas. Christ is also spoken of as a Takshaka, "a carpenter," and the Takshaka Brahmans are supposed to have been Christians originally. That there were Christians in India we know from the fact that Pantaenus, the predecessor of Clement in the Catechetical School at Alexandria, found Christian communities and the Gospel of St. Matthew there in A.D. 189.

^113:2 Page 57.

^113:3 In the Manichaean Acts of Thomas, Thomas builds a celestial palace, which is fully described in a poem by Sarug (see Z. d. m. G., xxv. 321, xxviii. 584). It is apparently a palace in the sea, for the words occur, "Ist es moglich ohne Grundlagen im Meere zu bauen?" The connection of the word Takshaka (see previous note) with Christians on the one hand, and Nagas on the other, suggests the possibility that the poem is dealing with some of the common folklore material used by Buddhists and Gnostics alike.

^113:4 Nanjo's "Cat. Tripitika," No. 102.

^114:1 These stages are Sho (), Shi (), Ju (), Ton (), En (), they are of considerable importance in the study of Tendai.

^115:1 I think this will be found to throw much light on St. Paul's words in 1 Cor. xv. 29. The Sanskrit word is Abhis'ekha.

^115:2 Perhaps it would be profitable to; note that, according to Shingon writers, Nagarjuna lived to be three hundred years old. For one century he was a heretic (i.e. Brahmanist and Hinayanist): for one century he taught the exoteric Mahayana; for another century he was the apostle of the esoteric Buddhism of the Shingon. A man who lives for three hundred years may have several opportunities for radical changes of opinion.