Note [1:189:6:1]1. Prof. Max Muller (vol. xxxii, p. 229) translates, 'For thou, god, art the deliverer from all assaults;' he derives vishpat 'from vi and spas, to bind.'

Verse 7.

Note [1:189:7:1]1. This verse has been treated of by Geldner, Vedische Studien, II, 156, 158.

Note [1:189:7:2]2. Geldner (loc. cit., 156) proposes two explanations for ubhayan. It may refer either to the pious and the impious spoken of in the preceding verses, or to prapitvam and abhipitvam, which words Geldner believes to be masculine. I do not attach such weight to the Avestic frapithwo (Vend. III, 3) as to draw, with Geldner, a conclusion from this word on the gender of the Vedic prapitva, and in every case I think that this explanation of ubhayan is very forced, while it is natural to refer ubhayan to the pious and impious, or as we may express it in conformity with Vedic ideas, to 'men' (comp. manushah Pada 2, manave Pada 3), i. e. Aryans, and Dasyus (see VIII, 50, 8; 98, 6; IX, 92, 5). Then ubhayan vi vidvan would have exactly the sane meaning as the words in I, 51, 8. vi ganihi a'ryan ye ka dasyavah.

Note [1:189:7:3]3. On prapitva we have the two ingenious discussions of Geldner, Vedische Studien, II, 155 seq., and of Bloomfield in the fifth series of his Contributions to the interpretation of the Veda, p. 24 seq. In my opinion Bloomfield has not succeeded in proving that the words ending in -pitva (prapitva, abhipitva, sapitva, &c.) contain the stem pith, 'sap, drink, nourishment,' and that prapitva means the morning-pressure of Soma, which is usually designated as pratahsavana, abhipitva, the evening-pressure or the tritiya-savana. I do not think it necessary, however,

to examine here the single points of his interesting and elaborate discussion, for it seems to me that Geldner has conclusively shown that the meaning of these words is different from what Bloomfield believes it to be: abhipitva, as Geldner (p. 155) states, is 'Erholung,' 'Rast,' and 'die Zeit des Rastens,' 'Feierabend,' 'Abend;' prapitva (p. 178), on the other hand. means 'Vorlauf,' 'das aufs Ziel Zugehen,' die vorgeruckte Tageszeit.'

Note [1:189:7:4]4. Sa'syah, 'governable,' does not give an impossible meaning. But should we not have to correct samsyah 'thou art to be praised by men?'

Note [1:189:7:5]5. On akrah, comp. Vedische Studien, I, 168, and above, I, 143, 7.

Verse 8.

Note [1:189:8:1]1. Mana is another name of Agastya. See Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morg. Gesellschaft, XLII, 221.