Note [4:2:3:2]2. Read martam (for martan; gen. plur.). Comp. below, verse 11; VI, 47, 16. visah manushyan, where we ought to read manushyam. See Lanman, p. 353; Pischel, Vedische Studien, I, p. 44; Bartholomae, Studien zur Indogermanischen Sprachgeschichte, I, p. 48.

Verse 4.

Note [4:2:4:1]1. 'Could it be Mitram esham, the rapid Mitra?' M. M.

Verse 5.

Note [4:2:5:1]1. The meaning is, it is rich in reward consisting in cows, &c.

Note [4:2:5:2]2. The text has asura. Cf. H. O., Religion des Veda, p. 164.

Verse 6.

Note [4:2:6:1]1. With the first Pada, comp. below, 12, 2.

Note [4:2:6:2]2. On svatavan, see Benfey, Vedica and Linguistica, p. 1 seqq.; Lanman, p. 559; Joh. Schmidt, Kuhn's Zeitschrift, XXVI, p. 357 seq.; H. O., Prolegomena, p. 471.

Verse 7.

Note [4:2:7:1]1. Nisishat is not derived, as is the case for instance with a' sishamahi, VIII, 24, 1, from (ni-)sas (Grassmann, Ludwig), but from ni-sa (Bohtlingk-Roth); comp. VII, 3, 5. nisisanah atithim. We must read, consequently, nisisat, formed like dadhat (3rd sg. subj. pres., or possibly nom. sing. part. pres.).

Verse 8.

Note [4:2:8:1]1. Bohtlingk-Roth conjecture harmya'van 'im Hause, im Stall gehalten.' It is true that beasts may be kept in the harmya; comp. VII, 56, 16; X, 106, 5; Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, p. 149. But I do not think that 'being kept in the harmya' could be expressed by harmya-vat. Hemya'vat seems to be derived from the root hi, and to have the same meaning as asuheman; such a word very well fits into a phrase referring to a swift horse. Hemya'vat stands to heman in the same relation as omya'vat to oman. All this was pointed out first by Ludwig (vol. iv, p. 22).

Verse 10.

Note [4:2:10:1]1. Literally the Hotri's work (performed for such a Yagamana).

Verse 11.

Note [4:2:11:1]1. I read martam (gen. plur.); comp. above, verse 3, note 2. It is possible, however, to leave the text unchanged; in this case the translation would be: 'May he, the knowing one, distinguish wisdom and folly, the (wise and foolish) mortals like straight and crooked backs (of horses).'

Note [4:2:11:2]2. Comp. vitaprishtha, 'straight-backed,' a frequent epithet of horses.