^xli:1 It might be objected that archaic spellings are due to the influence of the knowledge of Sanskrit; but the Gainas must always have been so well acquainted with Prakrit that they needed not any help from the Sanskrit to understand their sacred books. On the contrary, in their Sanskrit MSS. we frequently meet with words spelt like Prakrit words. Besides, some spellings cannot be explained as Sanskriticisms, eg. daraga for daraya, the Sanskrit prototype being daraka.

^xlii:1 Sacred Books of the East, vol. x, p. xxxii.

^xliii:1 Parisishta Parvan IX, 55 seqq.

^xliii:2 Geschiedenis van het Buddhisme in Indie, ii, p. 266 note.

^xliv:1 See Weber, Indische Studien, XVI, p. 341 seqq.

^xlv:1 The Gainas explain the meaning of the word purva in the following way. The Tirthakara himself taught the Purvas to his disciples, the Ganadharas. The Ganadharas then composed the Angas. There is evidently some truth in this tradition, as it does not agree with the dogma of the Angas, being taught already by the first Tirthakara. See Weber, Indische Studien, XVI, p. 353.

^xlvi:1 Indische Studien, XVI, p. 248.

^xlvii:1 See Professor Weber's remarks on the possible bearing of this name in the treatise I had so often occasion to quote, p. 243 seqq.

^xlvii:2 It was not, however, the first commentary, for Silanka mentions one by Gandhahastin.

^xlix:1 See Weber, Indische Studien, XVI, p. 251 seq.

^l:1 See Calcutta edition, I, p. 435 seq., vv. 251-268.

^l:2 Saisayattanena, Weber, l.c.

^li:1 The Ayaramga Sutta of the Cvetambara Jains, London, 1882.

^lii:1 The Kalpa Sutra of Bhadrabahu, Leipzig, 1879. Abhandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes, VII, 1.

^lii:2 That the 'Rules for Yatis' must have been composed at least six generations after Mahavira is evident from section section 3-8, but probably the work is still younger. For in section 6 the Sthaviras, who come immediately after the disciples of the Ganadharas, are spoken of in some contrast to the 'Sramanas Nirgranthas of the present time.' Yet the work cannot be comparatively young, because it appears from section section 28-30 that the Ginakalpa had not yet fallen into disuse, as it had done in later times.

^lii:3 The rites are described and the hymns given in a modern work called Katurvimsatitirthankaranam puga, a MS. of which belongs to the Deccan College.

AKARANGA SUTRA.