latter, and with unlimited consciousness; and by "indication" it signifies only the last. Now the proposition Thou art That comes under the relation of "common reference"; for both Thou and That signify Consciousness (Brahma), in the former case as transcending perception, in the latter case as manifested to perception in the form of finite distinction. Again, these terms are related as subject and predicate, that is, they are identified in thought by abstraction of their difference (their difference lying in the fact that the one transcends perception, and the other does not). Lastly, these terms have a metonymic relation. When we have abstracted the difference already mentioned, we may use both to signify the Consciousness, That being the "indicated" and Thou the "indicative" term. In the same way the three several terms Being, Thought, and Bliss, after due abstraction of difference (namely phenomenal distinctions) designate "indicatively" the single indivisible Brahma essentially characterised by infinite being, thought, and bliss. For further details of the Hindu theories on these subjects see Vedanta-sara, Jacob's translation, p. 83 f., Athalye's notes on Tarka-sangraha, section 59, Kavyaprakas'a, ch. ii., etc.

APPENDIX II

LIST OF THE CHIEF UPANISHADS

The following list gives the names of the most ancient and important Upanishads, together with the contractions used for them in the preceding pages. The canon generally accepted in modern India contains 108 Upanishads; most of these are however comparatively late and distinctly sectarian (later Vedanti, Vishnuite, S'ivaite, Yogi, Sannyasi, etc.).

B.A.

Brihad-aranyaka

Upanishad.

Ch.

Chhandogya

"

Taitt.

Taittiriya

"

Ait.

Aitareya

"

Kau.

Kaushitaki

"

Kena

Kena (Talavakara)

"

Kath.

Katha

"

Is'a

Is'avasya

"

S'vet.

Svetas'vatara

"

Mund.

Mundaka

"

Maha-narayana

"

Pra.

Pras'na

"

Maitr.

Maitrayaniya

"

Mand.

Mandukya

"

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The beginner will find the following works useful:

SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST, edited by F. Max Muller: vol. 1 & 15, Upanishads, translated by F. Max Muller; vol. .34, Vedanta-sutra (i.e. Brahma-sutra) with the commentary by S'ankara, translated by G. Thibaut. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1879, etc.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE UPANISHADS, by A. E. Gough. London, Trubner, 1882.

THE UPANISHADS (in Sanskrit and English) and S'ankara's commentary (in English), translated by Sitarama S'astri and Ganganatha Jha. Madras, Seshachari, 1898, etc.