The expressed meaning of the word 'thou' is the (individual) consciousness that prides in being doer, (enjoyer,) etc., superimposing the functions of the body, the senses, etc., on the self as if they were identical. (25).

The derived meaning of the word 'thou' is the consciousness that manifests itself as the. witness of the body, the ego, and the senses, distinct from them. (26).

The expressed meaning of the word "that" is the supreme self which is knowable from Vedantic texts, which is the efficient cause of the whole universe, and which is endowed with omniscience, etc. (27).

The derived meaning of the word "that" is the supreme self, free of all condition whatsoever, beyond all phenomena, absolute, second-less, eternal, and realisable by (direct) experience. (28).

The relation between the two word-meanings is either sameness of object, or the relation of attribute and subject, or that of indicated and indicator. (29).

Those versed in interpretation explain "sameness of object" as the application of words, individually denoting different objects, to denote together the same object. (30).

Visibility and invisibility, fullness and the having a second, are mutually contradictory. Therefore, in the case on hand, the derived meaning alone is possible. (31).

Derivation of meaning is the denotation of an object not unconnected with the primary

meaning, in a case where the primary meaning cannot be adopted owing to its contradiction by other reasons. (32)

Exclusive derivation of meaning [**] is the denotation of a different object connected with the expressed meaning, but completely exclusive of the latter; for instance, the hamlet on the Ganges [*+]. Such derivation of meaning is not applicable to the present case. (33).

Inclusive derivation of meaning is the denotation of another object without abandoning the expressed meaning; for instance, the red [**] (one) is running. Such derivation, too, should not be adopted in the present case. (34).

The partly exclusive and partly inclusive derivation is that which excludes a portion of the expressed object and denotes another portion thereof; for instance, "this is that Brahmin". This mode of derivation should be adopted in the present case. (35).

The sentence, "this is that Brahmin", indicates the Brahmin alone by excluding the remoteness and the nearness of place, (time), etc., and thus denotes identity between the meanings of the two words ('this' and 'that'.) (36).

In the same way, the sentence, "that thou art", indicates the Supreme Self that is the reality, by excluding directness and remoteness, etc., and thus clearly denotes identity [**] by the word "art." (37).

In regard to those that realise as "I" the reality thus indicated by the principal text