^181:4 Yatate 'exerts himself;' supply 'to avoid, to know, or to do,' as the case may require.

^181:5 Kriya; they are: 1. kayiki; 2. adhikaraniki; 3. pradveshiki; 4. paritapaniki, and 5. pranatipatiki.

^181:6 On the lesyas see Thirty-fourth Lecture, p. 196 ff.

^181:7 From the commentaries I learn two more of these six karanas: vedana and vaiyavritya. I cannot say which are the remaining three.

^181:8 They are enumerated in note on XXX, 25, <page 178>.

^182:1 Viz. caste, family, beauty, &c.; see Sutrakrit. II, 2, 17.

^182:2 Brahmagupti. This is of nine kinds.

^182:3 Bhikshudharma. It consists of Nos. 46-49, 26, 27, of Lecture XXIX, truth, purity, poverty, and chastity.

^182:4 The details given in the commentary (Devendra) partly differ from the description of the twelve duties of Sravakas, and the ten duties of Bhikshus given by Bhandarkar from the Karttikeyanupreksha, see his Report, p. 114 ff.

^182:5 Paramadharmika. My translation is based on the enumeration of fifteen words, among which the names of some well-known hells occur.

^182:6 The sixteen lectures of the first part of the Sutrakritanga, the last of which is called Gatha, are meant by the sixteen Gathas. The whole book contains twenty-three lectures as stated in verse 16.

^182:7 The first srutaskandha of the Gnatadharmakatha, which contains nineteen adhyayanas, is intended by gnatadhyayana.

^183:1 Sabala, because they 'variegate' the conduct. The actions meant are sitting on an unwiped seat, &c.

^183:2 Parisaha, see above, <page 9> ff.

^183:3 Rupa. The twenty-four gods are: ten Bhavanapatis, eight Vyantaras, five Gyotishkas, one Vaimanika; or the 24 prophets.

^183:4 Bhavana, the subdivisions of the five great vows, see part i, p. 189 ff.

^183:5 The Dasasrutaskandha, Brihat Kalpa, and Vyavahara Sutras are meant, which together contain twenty-six uddesas.

^183:6 I.e. the Akaranga Sutra; it now contains but twenty-four lectures, but is said to have originally contained four more, see part i, introduction, p. xlix f. These four lectures were: Mahaparinna, Ugghaya, Anugghaya, Arovana.

^184:1 The pure operations of mind, speech, and body.

^184:2 As far as I can make out from the enumeration in the commentary, they are articles regulating the intercourse between monks, especially pupils and teacher.

THIRTY-SECOND LECTURE.

THE CAUSES OF CARELESSNESS.

With attentive mind hear me explain for your benefit the deliverance from the beginningless time, together with its causes , and from all misery: a truly wholesome subject. (1)

By the teaching of true knowledge, by the avoidance of ignorance and delusion, and by the destruction of love and hatred, one arrives at final deliverance which is nothing but bliss. (2)