Thus I say.

Footnotes

^203:2 Buddhehi.

^204:1 Ullova = ulloka.

^204:2 Parakada = parakrita, explained parair atmartham krita.

^205:1 Sukla dhyana, see note , <page 200>.

^206:1 By the destruction of the viryantaraya.

THIRTY-SIXTH LECTURE.

ON LIVING BEINGS AND THINGS WITHOUT LIFE .

Now learn from me with attentive minds the division of Living Beings and Things without life , which a monk must know who is to exert himself in self-control. (1)

The Living Beings and the Things without life make up this world (Loka); but the space where only Things without life are found is called the Non-world (Aloka). (2)

The Living Beings and the Things without life will be described with reference to 1. substance, 2. place, 3. time, and 4. development. (3)

A. Things without life.

Things without life are 1. possessing form, 2. formless; the formless things are of ten kinds, those possessing form are of four kinds. (4)

(1) The ten kinds of formless things: 1. Dharma, 2. its divisions, 3. its indivisible parts; 4. Adharma, 5. its divisions, 6. its indivisible parts; 7. space,

[paragraph continues] 8. its divisions, 9. its indivisible parts, and 10. time . (5, 6)

Dharma and Adharma are co-extensive with the World (Loka); space fills the World and the Non-world (Aloka); time exists in what is called the place of time . (7)

Dharma, Adharma, and Space are ever without beginning and end. (8)

And time also, if regarded as a continuous flow , is called so (i.e. without beginning and end); but with regard to an individual thing it has a beginning and an end. (9)

(2) The four kinds of things possessing form are 1. compound things, 2. their divisions, 3. their indivisible parts, and 4. atoms . (10)

Compound things and atoms occur as individual things and apart (or different from others) , in the whole world and in parts of the world; this is their distribution with regard to place. (11)

Subtile things occur all over the world, gross things only in a part of it.

I shall now give their fourfold division with regard to time. (12)

With regard to the continuous flow (or development of a thing) it is without beginning and without end; but with regard to its existence (as an individual thing) it has both a beginning and an end . (13)

The longest duration of Things without life possessing form is an immeasurable period; the shortest one Samaya. (14)

The longest interruption in the existence of Things without life possessing form is an endless time; the shortest one Samaya. (15)

Their development is fivefold: with regard to 1. colour, 2. smell, 3. taste, 4. touch, and 5. figure. (16)

Those which develop with regard to colour are of five kinds: 1. black, 2. blue, 3. red, 4. yellow, 5. white. (17)