^84:4 The Gainas do not deny the existence of the soul, but the unalterable character of the soul. Hence they object to the kriyavada.

^85:1 Bharata was the eldest son of Rishabha, the first Tirthakara. He became the first Kakravartin, or universal monarch, and resided in Ayodhya. At his renunciation he was ordered by Indra himself to pluck out five handfuls of his hair as is the custom of Gaina monks on entering the order.

^85:2 Sagara, king of Ayodhya, was, according to the legend contained in the commentary (see R. Fick, Eine jainistische Bearbeitung der Sagara-Sage, Kiel, 1889), the younger brother of Agita, the second Tirthakara. He became the second Kakravartin, and, in the end, he was ordained by Agita. The Gaina legend seems to be but a strangely distorted version of the story of Sagara told in the first book of the Ramayana.

^85:3 Maghavan, son of king Samudravigaya of Sravasti, and his wife Bhadra, became the third Kakravartin.

^85:4 Sanatkumara, son of king Asvasena of Hastinapura, and his wife Sahadevi, became the fourth Kakravartin. The adventures of Sanatkumara are told in a Prakrit legend, which I have published in my Ausgewahlte Erzahlungen in Maharashtri, Leipzig, x886, p. 20 ff.

^85:5 Santi was the sixteenth Tirthakara, Kunthu the seventeenth, and Ara the eighteenth Tirthakara. Kunthu sounds strange for a proper name. I think it just possible that it is a popular or Prakrit corruption of Kakutstha, who was an Aikshvaka. As is well known, Rama is frequently called after him Kakutstha, and so are other kings of the same line, in which he stands as the twenty-fifth according to the list in the Ramayana I, 70.

^86:1 Mahapadma was the ninth Kakravartin. His elder brother was Vishnukumara, who was ordained by Suvrata, a disciple of Munisuvrata, the twentieth Tirthakara. He wrenched the sovereignty of the world from Namuki, minister of his father Padmottara, who had ascended the throne, by making him promise as much of his territory as he could cover with three strides. This is the Brahmanical story of Vishnu and Bali, for whom the Gainas have substituted Namuki. According to them the minister Namuki was, in a disputation, defeated by the Gaina monks, and to revenge himself on them, he ordered them to quit his kingdom as soon as he got it.--Mahapadma's residence was Hastinapura.

^86:2 Harishena, son of king Mahahari of Kampilya, became the tenth Kakravartin.

^86:3 Gaya, son of king Samudravigaya of Ragagriha, became the eleventh Kakravartin.

^87:1 King Dasarnabhadra was a contemporary of Mahavira.

^87:2 These are the four Pratyekabuddhas; see <page 35>, note .

^87:3 The story of Udayana (or perhaps Uddayana) will be found in my Ausgewahlte Erzahlungen in Maharashtri, p. 28 ff. He was contemporary with Mahavira.

^87:4 He was Nandana, the seventh Baladeva, son of king Agnisikha of Benares.