[n_nar:48]. The eighteen dhatus (groups): The six outer-objects, the six sense-organs, and the six consciousnesses.

[n_nar:49]. Ayatanas: The six places where the consciousnesses abide and the six objects observed.

[n_nar:50]. Medrepa: The Guru of Marpa, an accomplished Indian Yogi.

[n_nar:51]. The philosophies of these schools are very complicated. Because of the limitation of space, the translator cannot explain all their differences here.

[n_nar:52]. This is view and does not reflect that of Tibetan scholars in general.

[n_nar:53]. Innate Wisdom: The perfect wisdom of Buddhahood, which is not made by humans but is inborn in every sentient being.

[n_nar:54]. This complicated conception is unique in Tsong Khapa's philosophy. Tsong Khapa's definition of the self-nature is very peculiar; his philosophy of Middle-way is greatly different from those of the old schools and is refuted [rather, "opposed," for the Middle Way doctrine's meaning is really not different from Mahamudra] by many outstanding scholars of these schools. Since it takes a great deal of careful thought and study to understand Tsong Khapa's philosophy and how it differs from that of the old schools, the translator believes that it is not wise to explain the different views here briefly, for that would definitely lead to misunderstanding. It is the wish of the translator to write an essay on this topic at some later date.

[n_nar:55]. Here is shown Tsong Khapa's "timidness" on S'unyata, and his materialistic view is clearly reflected [**].

[n_nar:56]. Rtsa in Tibetan, Nadi in Sanskrit. All the tubular structures of the human body, including the nerves, capable of transforming the fluids and energies of the body. In the text this term is translated usually as nerve or nerves. [See also Part I, Ch. VII, Note 13. Ed.]

[n_nar:57]. Literal translation would be "enables me to become Buddha in eight lives in the future."

[n_nar:58]. Naropa held a professorship in an Indian college-monastery that had four doors. He held the office of guardian of the North Door.

[n_nar:59]. Lacking Marpa's original text, it is felt that the meaning of the Tibetan is substantially conveyed by the three English terms given (barring any esoteric meaning they might have carried and that is now lost).

[n_nar:60]. The Father Tantra is one division of the highest, or Annutara Tantra, in which emphasis is on the Skill [upaya in the sense of perfect Love's boundless means to aid. Ed.] Teachings. The other division, called the Mother Tantra by Tibetan scholars, is that which emphasizes the Wisdom [prajna, in the sense of transcendental wisdom. Ed.] Teachings.