[n_4:8]. Crowned head: One of the thirty-two signs of Buddhahood,

[n_4:9]. a Og-min: The highest Buddha paradise (lit. "inferior to none").

[n_4:10]. Five burning poisons: Lust, hate, blindness, jealousy, and pride.

[n_4:11]. The Three Kingdoms: the domains of desire, of form, and of the formless.

[n_4:12]. Path of Virtue: The teaching or the path that leads one to a happier life in one's next birth. The precept of Ten Virtues is taught in Buddhism, and by the practice of these Ten Virtues one may go to heaven and live there for a long period. But this practice can never bring one to liberation, because the Ten Virtues are not practiced in the light of non-kles'a or non-discrimination. The kles'as and discrimination are the two main causes of Samsara.

[n_4:13]. Paths of Liberation: The Paths of Four Noble Truths and the Path of Bodhisattva.

[n_4:14]. Kasyapa Buddha: The Buddha directly antecedent to Gotama Buddha.

[n_4:15]. Living Buddha: Tibetan, Sprul-skur; literally the Transformation Body of Buddha (Nirmanakaya). But nowadays this name is merely a title or a rank of a Lama; it no longer has any significant meaning in religion.

[n_4:16]. and [n_4:17]. See Note 2.

[n_4:18]. Dharma from Mouth: Traditional Hinayana and ordinary sources of Buddhist doctrine.

[n_4:19]. and [n_4:20]. See Note 2.

[n_4:21]. Illumination-Holding: A title of the Tantric Yogi. Illumination (Rig) has a number of meanings.

[n_4:22]. Ending-Time: The end of our time. Buddhist tradition says that there will come a time when all beings on earth will be annihilated. Here, however, the author means to emphasize a Bad Time--when kles'as and all misfortunes prevail in the world. The Tibetan term Mtha-ma means both the Last and the Worst.

[n_4:23]. S'unyata: The Voidness, emptiness. The teaching of Voidness is the most important in Buddhism.

[n_4:24]. Palace-beyond-Measure: The size of the abode of the Buddhas is beyond measurement--infinite. Ed.

[n_4:25]. Lower Paths: Three lower paths of the six Lokas of Samsara--Hell, Hungry Ghosts, and Animals.

[n_4:26]. Heart for Bodhi: The wish to liberate sentient beings, to practice the Six Paramitas and actions of a Bodhisattva.

[n_4:27]. Actions of Bodhi: the practice of Six Paramitas and Four Dominations Practices, etc.

[n_4:28]. Incantation of S'unyata: Generally, Tibetan Buddhists never expect to understand incantations or to them into ordinary language, since the literal cannot contain the whole truth. Tradition does not try to explain the incantations but treats the secret words as sacred syllables and sounds. Being symbolic, each word and sound has many meanings. This sacred statement is called "The Incantation on the Observation of the Emptiness."

[n_4:29]. Front-Arising Buddha: The Buddha of the Vase.