by the student in Volume XLIX of the Sacred Books of the East. I have referred to the transmission of the Shinshu Doctrines in my lectures on the Japanese Mahayana delivered last winter, and need not repeat my statements. For some of the Patriarchs there already exist valuable monographs, e.g. on Vasubandhu, by Dr. Takakusu in the Trans. of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, on Genku (or Honen) by Dr. Anezaki in the Transactions of the Congress of the History of Religious, Oxford, 1908, and one on Asvaghosha, (who is, however, not one of the seven) in a recent number of the Journal Asiatique. The best thing I can do for my readers is to furnish them with a translation of Shinran's own poem, the Shoshinge, which will be found in the next chapter. This will give Shinran an opportunity of speaking for himself.

Footnotes

^28:* section 24. I have also consulted Bukkyokakushe Koyo.

^30:* These hereditary Bishoprics (in the case of the Hongwanji it might almost be called a hereditary Papacy) have not always been ideal, the bad intermingling curiously with the good. It is interesting to note that the Shinshu shares the institution of "hereditary Bishops," with the Nestorians of today, possibly therefore also with the mediaeval Nestorians of China. Haas notices (in 1215) the grant by the Emperor of a purple or violet cassock to a "Bishop" (daiso-jo) of the Zen sect.