^165:4 The raison d'etre of this reduction of matter into five elements is quite different from that conceived by modern science. Man has five senses only, just five ways in which he can be affected by matter, therefore his perception of matter cannot be divided further. The five elements are of two kinds, subtle and gross. The gross state is said 'to be formed by taking half of a subtle element, and adding ###8539###th to it, of each of the rest: e.g., gross Akasha = 1/2 subtle Akasha + ###8539###th subtle Vayu + ###8539###th subtle Tejas + ###8539###th subtle Ap + ###8539###th subtle Bhumi: Then again, the ether, air, light, water, and earth of modern science, do not answer to the five elements of Hindu philosophy. Akasha is just the sound-producing agency. From Akasha rises Vayu, having the properties of sound and touch. From Vayu springs Tejas, possessing the property of visibility, as well as those of its predecessors. From Tejas rises Ap, combining with the above properties its distinctive feature,--flavour. Bhumi comes from Ap, bringing the additional property of smell to its inheritance.

^166:6 I am the origin &c.: In Me the whole universe originates and dissolves, as everything springs froth My Prakriti.

^167:7 Beyond Me--there is no other cause of the universe but Me.

^167:8 In Me as essence, all these are woven, as being My manifestations.

^169:11 Desire--Kama: thirst for objects not present to the senses.

Attachment--Raga: for those presented to the senses .

Unopposed to Dharma: the desire which moves in harmony with the ordained duties of life.

^169:12 All things are in Him, yet not He in them. Logically, this can' only happen in superimposition through illusion: as that of a ghost seen in the stump of a tree; the ghost is in the stump, from the point of view of the man in the dark, but the stump is never in the ghost. Similarly the universe is superimposed on the Lord, seen in His place through Maya, but He is not in it. The Lord returns to the same teaching in Chap. IX. 4, 5.

^170:14 Divine: transcending human perception.

Devote . . . alone: Abandoning all formal religion (Dharma) completely take refuge in Me, their own Self, the Lord of illusion.

^171:15 Way of the Asuras, i.e., cruelty, untruth, and the like.

^172:16 Seeker of enjoyment: One who wishes for objects of enjoyment, both here and hereafter.

The Wise: One who has forsaken all desires, knowing them to arise from Maya.

^173:20 Own natures: Samskaras acquired in previous lives.

^175:23 These men of little understanding: Though the amount of exertion is the same (in the two kinds of worship), these people do not take refuge in Me, by doing which they may attain infinite results.