elements ( section 18) and thence both the "subtle bodies" ( section 19) and gross elements. The "subtle bodies" in the aggregate determine the Self into a mode called Prana, Sutratma, or Hiranyagarbha; individually they determine it into the mode called Taijasa. These combinations of matter with the Self form three successive phases of being for the individual soul: (1) the "sheath of understanding," vijnana-maya kos'a, composed of intelligence (buddhi) and the "organs of knowledge" ( section 18), which constitutes the real agent in empiric experience; (2) the "sheath of mind," mano-maya kos'a, formed of manas and the organs of action, thus constituting the instrument of empiric experience; and (3) the "sheath of the breaths," prana-maya kos'a, formed of vital breaths and organs of action, and constituting the effect of experience. These three phases of being are together called "Dream-Sleep," as in them arise the subtle or elementary forms of phenomena and the reflection of them upon the "determined" Self. The gross elements which arise from the subtle collectively "determine" the Self into the phase called Vais'vanara or Virat; individually they "determine" it into Vis'va. This lowest determination is called anna-maya kos'a, the "sheath of food," or the state of Waking, for into it the forms of both gross and subtle phenomena are displayed to the Self, as in waking both memory and sense-perception are active.

The scheme is thus as follows:

1. Individual Gross Body, determinant of Vis'va, in state of Waking.

Sheath of Food.

Cosmic Gross Body determinant of Virat, in state of Waking.

2. Individual Subtle Body, determinant of Taijasa, in state of Dreaming.

(1) Sheath of Breaths.
(2) Sheath of Mind.
(3) Sheath of Understanding.

Cosmic Subtle Body, determinant of Prana, in state of Dreaming.

3. Individual Causal Body, determinant of Prajna, in state of Dreamless Sleep.

Sheath of Bliss.

Cosmic Causal Body, determinant of Is'vara, in state of Dreamless Sleep.