III, 29, 6; IV, 58, 7; I, 114, 5; V, 59, 5; 12, 2; 12, 6; VI, 8, 1.

VI, 48, 6. syâvâ´su arusháh vríshâ.

In the dark (nights) the red hero (Agni). Cf. III, 7, 5.

In one passage vríshan arushá is intended for fire in the shape of lightning.

X, 89, 9. ní amítreshu vadhám indra túmram vríshan vríshânam arushám sisîhi.

Whet, O strong Indra, the heavy strong red weapon, against the enemies.

X, 43, 9. út gâyatâm parasúh gyótishâ sahá—ví rokatâm arusháh bhânúnâ súkih.

May the axe (the thunderbolt) appear with the light—may the red one blaze forth, bright with splendour.

X, 1, 6; VI, 3, 6.

X, 20, 9. krishnáh svetáh arusháh yâ´mah asya bradhnáh rigráh utá sónah.

His (Agni's) path is black, white, red, bright, reddish, and yellow.

Here it is extremely difficult to keep all the colours distinct.

Arushá is frequently applied to Soma, particularly in the 9th Mandala. There we read:

IX, 8, 6. arusháh hárih. IX, 71, 7. arusháh diváh kavíh vríshâ. IX, 74, 1. vâ´gî´ arusháh. IX, 82, 1. arusháh vríshâ hárih. IX, 89, 3. hárim arushám.

IX, 111, 1. arusháh hárih. See also IX, 25, 5; 61, 21.

In IX, 72, 1, arushá seems used as a substantive in the sense of red-horse.

Professor Spiegel, in his important review of my translation (Heidelberger Jahrbücher, 1870, p. 104), points out that aurusha in Zend means white, so that it would seem as if the original meaning of arusha had been bright, bright like fire, and thus red.

Arushá, as an Appellative.

Arushá is used as an appellative, and in the following senses:

1. The one red-horse of the Sun, the two or more red-horses of Agni.

I, 6, 1. yuñgánti bradhnám arushám.

They yoke the bright red-horse (the Sun).

I, 94, 10. yát áyukthâh arushâ´ róhitâ ráthe.

When thou (Agni) hadst yoked the two red-horses and the two ruddy horses to the chariot. 1, 146, 2.

II, 10, 2. sruyâ´h agníh—hávam me—syâvâ´ rátham vahatah róhitâ vâ utá arushâ´.

Mayest thou, Agni, hear my call, whether the two black, or the two ruddy, or the two red-horses carry you.

Here three kinds of colours are clearly distinguished, and an intentional difference is made between róhita and arushá. IV, 2, 3.

IV, 6, 9. táva tyé agne harítah—róhitâsah—arushâ´sah vríshanah.

To thee (Agni) belong these bays, these ruddy, these red-horses, the stallions.

Here, again, three kinds of horses are distinguished—Haríts, Róhitas, and Arushás.

VIII, 34, 17. yé rigrah vâ´ta-ramhasah arushâ´sah raghusyádah.

Here arushá may be the subject, and the rest adjectives; but it is also possible to fake all the words as adjectives, referring them to âsú in the next verse. The fact that rigrá likewise expresses a peculiar red colour, is no objection, as may be seen from I, 6, I; 94, 10.

VII, 42, 2. yuṅkshvá—harítah rohítah ka yé vâ sádman arushâ´h.