should go through it, without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (47)

Then he should, in due order, reflect on all transgressions he has committed during the night with regard to knowledge, faith, and conduct. (48)

Having finished Kayotsarga and paid his reverence to the Guru, he should, in due order, confess his transgressions committed during the night. (49)

Then having recited the Pratikramana Sutra &c. (see verse 41). (50)

He should consider what kind of austerities he will undertake. Having finished his Kayotsarga, he pays his reverence to the Guru. (51)

Having finished Kayotsarga and paid his reverence to the Guru, he should practise those austerities which he has decided upon, and praise the perfected saints. (52)

Thus has been summarily declared the correct behaviour, by practising which many souls have crossed the ocean of Samsara. (53)

Thus I say.

Footnotes

^142:1 The southern half of the sky or horizon, between east and west, is divided into four quarters, each of which corresponds in time to a paurushi, the fourth part of a day or a night.

^143:1 A paurushi is the fourth part of a day or a night; about the time of the equinoxes, when the day as well as the night contains twelve hours, the paurushi contains three hours. At the same time, in the months Kaitra and Asvina, as we learn from our verse, the paurushi has three feet, padas. The pada therefore is equal to one hour exactly. The duration of the night at the summer solstice was therefore estimated at eight hours and at the winter solstice at sixteen, just as in the Vedic Gyotisha.

^143:2 A digit, angula, is apparently the twelfth part of a foot, pada = one hour. The digit is therefore equal to five minutes.

^143:3 The fortnights, mentioned in the text, consist of fourteen days only, the remaining ones of fifteen days. In this way the lunar year is made to consist of 354 days.

^144:1 Or thirty, forty, fifty, forty minutes respectively.

^144:2 I.e. the nakshatra which is in opposition to the sun, and accordingly rises at the same time with the setting sun, and sets with the rising sun, compare Ramayana III, 16, 12.

^144:3 I.e. is about to set.

^144:4 Verattiya, translated vairatrika; but there is no such word in Sanskrit. It apparently stands for dvairatrika, belonging to two days. As the Hindus reckon the day from sunrise, the time immediately preceding it may be considered to belong to two days.

^144:5 Compare verse 8.

^145:1 I.e. expiation of sins concerning time, cf. Bhandarkar's Report, p. 98, note ++. It seems to consist in Kayotsarga.

^145:2 This is a piece of muslin which the Gaina monks place before their mouth in speaking, in order to prevent insects being drawn in the mouth by the breath.