If a monk gets any food and drink, or dainties and spices, and does not feel compassion (on a sick fellow-monk) in thoughts, words, and deeds, (then he is not a true monk) ; but if he has his thoughts, words, and acts under strict discipline, then he is a true monk. (12)

Dish-water , barley-pap, cold sour gruel , water in which barley has been washed: such loathsome food and drink he should not despise, but call at the lowliest houses (for alms); then he is a true monk. (13)

There are many voices on the earth, of gods, of men, and of beasts, dreadful, frightful, and awful noises; if he hears them without trembling, then he is a true monk. (14)

He who understands all religious disputations, [who lives together with fellow-monks] , who practises self-discipline , who meditates on his soul, who is wise, hardy, and observes everything, who

is calm, and does not hurt anybody, he is a true monk. (15)

He who, not living by any art, without house,

without friends, subduing his senses, free from all ties, sinless, and eating but little, leaves the house and lives single, he is a true monk. (16)

Thus I say.

Footnotes

^69:2 The name of this lecture, sa bhikkhu, is derived from the burden which runs through the whole of it and winds up every verse.

^70:1 Ladhe, explained sadanushthanataya pradhanah. Ladha is also the name of a country in western Bengal, inhabited, at Mahavira's time, by uncivilised tribes, see part i, p. 84, note 1. The etymology of both words is doubtful.

^70:2 Compare the note on p. 161 of part i. The 71st chapter of Varaha Mihira's Brihat Samhita treats of vastrakheda, rents, &c. of clothes; the 51st, of angavidya, forebodings from the body; and the 53rd, of vastuvidya, property of buildings; chapters 88, 90, and 95 are devoted to the forebodings from the cries of birds, female jackals, and crows.

^71:1 A conjectural rendering of vigaya, which cannot be taken in its ordinary meaning 'victory.' The commentary explains it subhasubhanirupanabhyasah.--Notice the absence of astrology from the above list of prophetical arts practised by strolling friars apparently to insinuate themselves into the good graces of laymen and women. If Greek nativity had already risen to importance, it certainly would have been mentioned. For it has ever since held a firm hold on the Hindu mind.--This remark also applies to XX, 45. But in Sutrakritanga I, 12, 9, astrology (samvakkhara) is mentioned; it is, however, the ancient astrology of the Hindus, not the Greek one.