^71:2 The Ugras and Bhogas were Kshattriyas. The former were, according to the Gainas, descendants of those whom Rishabha, the first Tirthakara, appointed to the office of kotwals or prefects of towns, while the Bhogas were descendants from those whom Rishabha acknowledged as persons deserving of honour. Comp. Hoernle, Uvasaga Dasao, Appendix, p. 58, and my edition of the Kalpa Sutra, p. 103, note on section 18.

^72:1 The commentators supply these words; something to that purport is wanted to make out a consistent meaning, but there is not so much as a hint of it in the text itself. As it stands now, the meaning would be just the opposite of that given in the translation, which is in better accordance with the established custom.

^72:2 Ayamaga, it is rendered akamaka in Sanskrit, and explained avasravana, i.e. avasravana. See also Leumann, Aupapatika Sutra, Glossar sv.

^72:3 Sauvira, explained kangika, the water of boiled rice in a state of spontaneous fermentation.

^72:4 This is a later addition, proved to be such by the metre, though the commentators comment upon it.

^72:5 Kheyanugae. The commentators explain kheda by samyama.

SIXTEENTH LECTURE.

THE TEN CONDITIONS OF PERFECT CHASTITY.

O long-lived (Gambusvamin)! I (Sudharman) have heard the following Discourse from the Venerable (Mahavira):

Here , indeed, the venerable Sthaviras have declared ten conditions for the realisation of celibacy, by hearing and understanding which the monks will reach a high degree of self-discipline, of Samvara , and of contemplation, will be well protected (by the three Guptis), will guard their senses, guard their chastity, and will thus never be remiss (in the attendance on their religious duties).

What, then, are those ten conditions for the realisation of celibacy as declared by the venerable Sthaviras, by hearing and understanding which the monks will reach a high degree of self-discipline, of

[paragraph continues] Samvara, and of contemplation, will be well protected (by the three Guptis), will guard their senses, guard their chastity, and will thus never be remiss (in the attendance on their religious duties)?

These, then, are the ten conditions for the realisation of celibacy, &c. (all down to) duties.