^5:1 Or Cramanera, from the root cram, "to exert oneself," "to make effort."

^5:2 This is fully explained in the Vinaya texts in the Sacred Books of the East, Vols. XIII, XVII, XX.

^5:3 The Arhats, the Anagamins, the Skridagamins, the Srotapannas. These are explained below.

^5:4 This and the following three passages seem to be a gloss, incorporated in the text later by a copyist. Arhat, according to the traditional Chinese interpretation, means "one who kills robbers," that is, the robbers of passion and prejudice.

^5:5 Anagamin means "one who never returns." The nineteenth heaven is called Akanishtha, the highest in the world of form (rupaloka).

^5:6 Skridagamin means "one who comes back."

^6:1 Srotaapanna means "one who gets in the stream."

^6:2 Cf. Luke, Xii, 33 et seq.

^9:1 This seems to be a very sweeping assertion on the part of the Buddha, but the principle remains ever true. The fundamental fact of the religious life is purity of heart. If there is a dark corner in your heart, all that you do is hypocrisy. When the Emperor Wu of Liang saw Bodhidharma, he asked the saint, "I have built so many monasteries, I have converted so many souls, I have copied so many sacred sutras; now what does Your Holiness think my merit will be?" To this, Bodhidharma made a curt response, "No merit whatever."

^10:1 Cf. Matt. xix, 24.

^10:2 Cf. Matt. vii, 1, 2.

^11:1 Matt. V, 5

^13:1 Earth, water, fire, and air.

^13:2 A Japanese poet sings:

"When pulled together
And bound, there stands
A hut well thatched:
But take it apart,
And we have the wilderness eternal."

^15:1 Matt. v, 28.

^16:1 Matt. V, 29 and 30.

^18:1 Cf. I Cor. xi, 3, 7, 8, 9.

THE TEACHINGS OF SOYEN SHAKU