Some fools say that there are five skandhas of momentary existence. They do not admit that (the soul) is different from, nor identical with (the elements), that it is produced from a cause (i.e. the elements), nor that it is without a cause (i.e. that it is eternal). (17)

The Ganayas say that there are four elements: earth, water, fire, and wind, which combined form the body (or soul?). (18)

(All these heretics say): 'Those who dwell in houses, in woods, or on hills, will be delivered from all misery if they adopt our creed.' (19)

But they do not cross the Flood of Life, who, ignoring the true relation of things, and not versed in the true Law, hold the above heretical opinions. (20)

They do not reach the end of the Samsara, who, ignoring, &c. (21)

They do not reach the end of transmigration, who, &c. (22)

They do not put an end to birth, who, &c. (23)

They do not put an end to misery, who, &c. (24)

They do not put an end to death, who, &c. (25)

They will again and again experience manifold pains in this ring of the earth, which is full of death, disease, and old age. (26)

The highest Gina, Mahavira the Gnatriputra, has said that they will undergo births without number, being placed in all sorts of existences. (27)

Thus I say.

Footnotes

^235:1 Srutaskandha. Its Sanskrit title mentioned by Silanka is Gathashodasaka, i.e. the book whose Sixteenth Lecture is called Gatha. It is mentioned in the Uttaradhyayana XXXI, 13 by the name of the sixteen Gathas; see above, p, 182.

^235:2 Samaya. This title is not found in MSS. at the end of the lecture, but it is given by the author of the Niryukti (verse 29). The subject of this lecture is more fully treated in section section 15-33 of the First Lecture of the Second Book.

^235:3 Tiuttigga. The commentators translate this word trotayet, but the true Sanskrit original is ativarteta, as is evident from the form atiuttanti in I, 2, 22.

^235:4 Living and lifeless things as we understand these words, not as the Gainas do. The original has: kittamantam akittam va, beings possessed of intellect, and things without intellect. The latter are, according to Gaina notions, living beings giva as well as inanimate matter.

^236:1 Literally, those in whose family he is born. Silanka, the author of the oldest Tika on the Sutrakritanga, names the Rashtrakutas or Rathors in order to illustrate what is meant by family.'

^236:2 According to Silanka the Bauddhas, Barhaspatyas, and others are intended.

^236:3 Grantha, passage in a book. The verses 2-5 are intended.

^236:4 They are the Nastikas or Karvakas.

^236:5 In other words: the Atman is produced by the elements. But there is, it would seem, but one Atman, for in verses 11, 12, we have another heretical philosophy which acknowledged a plurality of transient atmans.