SECOND LECTURE.

ON TROUBLES .

O long-lived (Gambusvamin)! I (Sudharman) have heard the following Discourse from the Venerable (Mahavira):

Here , forsooth, the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira of the Kasyapa Gotra has declared twenty-two troubles which a monk must learn and know, bear and conquer, in order not to be vanquished by them when he lives the life of a wandering mendicant.

[paragraph continues] These, then, are the twenty-two troubles declared by the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira, which a monk must learn and know, bear and conquer, in order not to be vanquished by them when he lives the life of a wandering mendicant:

1. digankha (gugupsa)-parisaha, hunger;

2. pivasa (pipasa)-p., thirst;

3. siya (sita)-p., cold;

4. usina (ushna)-p., heat;

5. damsamasaya (damsamasaka)-p., gad-flies, and gnats ;

6. akela-p., nakedness ;

7. arati-p., to be discontented with the objects of control.

8. itthi (stri)-p., women;

9. kariya (karya)-p., erratic life;

10. nisihiya (naishedhiki)-p., place for study;

11. se.gga (sayya)-p., lodging;

12. akkosa (akrosa)-p., abuse;

13. vaha (vadha)-p., corporal punishment;

14. gayana (yakana)-p., to ask for something;

15. alabha-p., to be refused;

16. roga-p., illness;

17. tana-phasa (trinasparsa), pricking of grass;

18. galla-p., dirt;

19. sakkarapurakkara (satkarapurahkara)-p., kind and respectful treatment;

20. panna (pragna)-p., understanding;

21. annana (agnana)-p., ignorance;

22. sammatta (samyaktva)-p., righteousness.

The enumeration of the troubles has been delivered by the Kasyapa , I shall explain them to you in due order. Listen to me. (1)

1. Though his body be weakened by hunger, a monk who is strong (in self-control) and does penance, should not cut or cause another to cut (anything to be eaten), nor cook it or cause another to cook it. (2)

Though emaciated like the joint of a crow's (leg) and covered with a network of veins, he should know the permitted measure of food and drink, and wander about with a cheerful mind. (3)

2. Though overcome by thirst, he should drink no cold water, restrained by shame and aversion (from forbidden things); he should try to get distilled water. (4)

Wandering about on deserted ways, in pain, thirsty, with dry throat, and distressed, he should bear this trouble (of thirst). (5)

3. If a restrained, austere ascetic occasionally suffers from cold on his wanderings, he should not walk beyond the (prescribed) time, remembering the teaching of the Gina. (6)

'I have no shelter and nothing to cover my skin, therefore I shall make a fire to warm myself;' such a thought should not be entertained by a monk. (7)