SECOND BOOK.

LECTURE

1.

The Lotus. (The parable of the Lotus. The Materialists, section 14 ff. Another school of Materialists and the forerunners of the Vaiseshikas, section 20 ff. The Vedantins, section 25 ff. The fatalists, section 30 ff. Exhortation to follow the true Law, section 35 ff.)

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LECTURE

2.

On activity. (The twelve kinds of committing sin, and sinless actions. Some wicked practices described, section 25 ff. Some more wicked practices, section 60 ff. Right conduct of monks, section 69 ff.; of laymen, section 75 ff. Refutation of the 363 heretical philosophical schools, section 79 ff. Conclusion)

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3.

Knowledge of food. (On the generation of living beings)

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4.

Renunciation of activity. (An action is sinful though it be done unconsciously)

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5.

Freedom from error; (what should be maintained and what not)

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6.

Ardraka; (his dispute with Gosala, a Buddhist, a Vedic priest, a Vedantin, and a Hastitapasa)

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7.

Nalanda. (Udaka, a follower of Parsva, is converted by Gautama)

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

INDEX OF SANSKRIT AND PRAKRIT WORDS

Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East

453

INTRODUCTION

TEN years have elapsed since the first part of my translation of Gaina Sutras appeared. During that decennium many and very important additions to our knowledge of Gainism and its history have been made by a small number of excellent scholars. The text of the canonical books, together with good commentaries in Sanskrit and Guzerati, has been made accessible in fair editions published by native scholars in India. Critical editions of two of them have been published by Professors Leumann and Hoernle ; and the latter scholar has added a careful translation and ample illustrations to his edition of the text. A general survey of the whole Gaina literature has been given by Professor Weber in his catalogue of the Berlin Manuscripts and in his learned treatise on the sacred literature of the Gainas. The development of Gaina learning and science has been studied by Professor Leumann, and some Gaina legends and their relations to those of the Brahmans and Buddhists have been investigated by the same scholar . An important document for our knowledge of the old history of the Svetambara sect has been edited