^xxxi:1 These fasts are called by the Gainas kautthabhatta, khatthabhatta, &c. (see e.g. Aupapatika Sutra, ed. Leumann, section 30 I A); and monks observing them, kautthabhattiya, khatthabhattiya, &c. (see e.g. Kalpa Sutra, 'Rules for Yatis,' section 21 ff.)

^xxxii:1 As I have said above and in note . <page 119>, this difference has probably given rise to the division of the church into Svetambaras and Digambaras. But these two branches have not directly grown out of the party of Parsva and that of Mahavira; for both recognise Mahavira as a Tirthakara.

^xxxii:2 Mahavira must have been a great man in his way, and an eminent leader among his contemporaries; he owed the position of a Tirthakara probably not so much to the sanctity of his life, as to his success in propagating his creed.

^xxxiv:1 That this was the primitive conception of the Vedic Hindus has been noted by Oldenberg, Die Religion des Veda, p. 317 f.

^xxxv:1 See his Report for 1883-84., p. 116 f.

^xxxvii:1 See Indische Studien, vol. xvii, p. 116 ff.

^xxxviii:1 See my edition of the Kalpa Sutra, p. 119.

^xxxviii:2 Literally Six-owl. The number six refers to the six categories of the Vaiseshika.

^xxxviii:3 Part i, p. 290. But in the legend translated by Professor Leumann, l.c., p. 121, his Gotra is called Khaulu.

^xxxix:1 According to an old tradition (see Indische Studien, vol. xvi, p. 223) the Sutrakritanga is studied in the fourth year after the ordination of a monk.

UTTARADHYAYANA.