^23:1 Kaena phasae = kayena spriset, literally, touch with his body.

^23:2 The Posaha of the Gainas corresponds to the Uposatha of the Buddhists. Hoernle in note 87 of his translation of the Uvasaga Dasao (Bibliotheca Indica) says of the Posaha: it is distinguished by the four abstinences (uvavasa) from food (ahara), bodily attentions (sarirasatkara), sexual intercourse (abrahma) and daily work (vyapara).

^23:3 Literally, skin and joints.

^24:1 These three methods are (1) bhaktapratyakhyana, (2) ingitamarana, (3) padapopagamana. They are fully described in the Akaranga Sutra I, 7, 8, 7 ff., see part i, p. 75 f.