a. The temporary fasting is briefly of six kinds: 1. in the form of a line ; 2. in the form of a square; 3. in the form of a cube; 4. of a sixth power; 5. of a twelfth power; 6. of any arrangement. Temporary fasting (can be practised) for different objects which one has in mind. (10, 11)

b. Fasting which is to precede death, is of two kinds with regard to the motions of the body: with change (of position) and without change. (12)

And again it is twofold: admitting of relief , or not; one may either leave the place (which one has chosen to die in), or not leave it; in both cases one may not take any food. (13)

2. Abstinence is briefly of five kinds: with regard to a. substance; b. place; c. time; d. state of mind; e. development. (14)

a. He who takes less food than he usually does , in the extreme case but one mouthful, performs abstinence with regard to substance. (15)

b. (Place means) a village, a scotfree town , a capital, a camp of merchants , a mine, a settlement of a wild tribe , a place with an earth wall , a poor town , a town with a harbour , a large town , an isolated town , and an open town . (16)

In a hermitage, a vihara , a halting-place for procession , a resting-place for travellers , a station of herdsmen, a camp on high ground, a caravan's camp, a fortified place of refuge. (17)

In gardens, on roads, in houses--all this is meant by place. In these and similar places he may (wander about). In this way he performs abstinence with regard to place. (18)

1. peta, 2. ardhapeta, 3. gomutrika, 4. patangavithika, 5. sambukavartta, 6. ayatam-gatva-pratyagata . (19)

c. Abstinence with reference to time (is observed by him) who goes about in that time of the four Paurushis of the day (which he selects for that purpose). (20)

Or if he collects alms in a part of the third Paurushi, or in its last quarter, then he observes abstinence with reference to time. (21)

d. Abstinence with reference to state of mind (is observed by him) who accepts alms from a woman or man, from an adorned or unadorned person, from one of any age or dress, of any temper or colour: if that person does not change his disposition or condition . (22, 23)

e. A monk who observes abstinence according to the particulars which have been enumerated with regard to substance, place, time, and state of mind, observes abstinence with regard to development too. (24)

3. With regard to collecting alms there are the eight principal ways how to collect them; the seven eshanas (or modes of begging) and other self-imposed restrictions. (25)

4. Abstention from dainty food means abstention from such highly nourishing food and drink as milk, curds, ghee, &c. (26)

5. Mortification of the flesh consists in the different postures as Virasana, &c., which benefit the soul, and which are difficult to perform. (27)