6. Using unfrequented lodgings and beds consists in living and sleeping in separate and

unfrequented places where there are neither women nor cattle. (28)

Thus external austerities have been briefly explained; I shall now explain internal austerities in due order. (29)

Internal austerities are:

1. prayaskitta, expiation of sins;

2. vinaya, politeness;

3. vaiyavritya, serving the Guru;

4. svadhyaya, study;

5. dhyana, meditation;

6. vyutsarga , abandoning of the body. (30)

1. Expiation of sins is tenfold, what must be confessed , &c.; this is to be strictly observed by a monk; this is called expiation of sins. (31)

2. Politeness consists in rising (from one's seat), folding of the hands, offering of a seat, loving the Guru, and cordial obedience. (32)

3. There are ten kinds of service, as serving the Akarya, &c. ; doing service consists in giving one's assistance as well as one is able. (33)

4. Study is fivefold: 1. saying or learning one's lesson; 2. (questioning the teacher about it); 3. repetition; 4. pondering; 5. religious discourse. (34)

5. Abstaining to meditate on painful and sinful things , one should, with a collected mind, engage in pure meditations on the Law; this the wise call meditation. (35)

6. If a monk remains motionless when lying down, sitting, or standing upright, this is called abandoning of the body, which is the sixth kind (of internal austerities). (36)

If a sage truly performs these two kinds of austerities, he will soon be thoroughly released from the Circle of Births. (37)

Thus I say.

Footnotes

^174:1 Karmopadanahetavas, that through which the soul becomes affected by Karman.

^174:2 Agarava = agaurava; but it is here explained, free from garva, cf. <page 98>, note .

^174:3 Literally krores, i.e. ten millions.

^175:1 Comp. Aupapatika Sutra, ed. Leumann, p. 38 ff. The general division is the same, but the subdivision differs in many details.

^175:2 Gradual reduction of food, from a full meal of thirty-two morsels to one of one morsel.

^175:3 Angopangadikam samvritya pravartanam, Tika.

^175:4 The meaning of this singular statement is as follows. If four fasts of two, three, four, and five days are performed in this order, they form a line. If this set of fasts is four times repeated, each time beginning with a different number, we get sixteen fasts; they form a square, viz.:

1

.

2

.

3

.

4

2

.

3

.

4

.

1

3

.

4

.

1

.

2

4

.

1

.

2

.

3