^216:12 Aluka, Amorphophallus Campanulatus.

^216:13 Mulaka, radish.

^216:14 A various reading has for the last two words (which might be differently divided), a paikkeikandali. The Kandali, the plantain-tree, occurs in the next line again.

^216:15 A various reading is Kudambaya.

^217:1 Krishnakanda, Nymphaea Rubra.

^217:2 Vagrakanda of the Sanskrit Koshas.

^217:3 Surana, Arum Campanulatum.

^217:4 Asvakarna. Asvakarna is a tree, Vatika Robusta.

^218:1 Utkalika, intermittent winds.

^218:2 Mandalika = vatoli.

^218:3 According to the comm. these winds blow on the oceans which are situated below the Ratnaprabha-hell, or which support the heavenly Vimanas, and have the density of snow. Perhaps the notion is similar to that of the Hindu astronomers, who fancied that the heavenly bodies were set in motion by cords of wind called pravaha. See Surya Siddhanta II, 3.

^218:4 This seems to be the hurricane which causes the periodical destruction of the world. But Devendra says: Samvartaka is a wind which carries grass, &c., from the outside into a particular place.'

^218:5 Though in the preceding verse it was said that there are five kinds of wind, six are enumerated, and more are implied by the '&c:

^219:1 As many of these lower animals are not known to us, I give the Prakrit names of those which I cannot identify. Devendra says: 'Some of them are well known, the remaining ones are to be explained according to tradition.' The explanation of this passage in the Avakuri is fuller.

^219:2 A small poisonous animal. Petersburg Dictionary, s. v. According to the Givavikara Vritti V, 16, they are earth-snakes (bhunaga), which originate in the rainy season when the sun is in Aslesha, i.e. about the beginning of July.

^219:3 Matrivahaka. According to the description of the Avakuri, the larvae of Phryganeae seem intended. According to the Givavikara Vritti, they are called kudeli in Guzerati.

^219:4 Vasimukha, explained: Whose mouth is like a chisel or adze. There are many insects, e.g. the Curculionidae, which suit this description.

^219:5 Sankhanaka, very small, conch-like animals.'

^219:6 Kandana = Akavriksha (?). According to the Givavikara Vritti V, 16, they are animals living in water and on land, and are called Aksha in the vernacular (samayabhasha).

^220:1 Kunthu or animalcules are also called Anuddhari, see concerning them, Kalpa Sutra, Rules for Yatis, section 44, part i, p. 304.--I give in the text the Prakrit form of the words I cannot identify.

^220:2 Maluka is the name of a plant, Ocimum Sanctum. It must, of course, here denote some animal.--The Givavikara enumerates many other animals, lice, bugs, different kinds of larvae living in dung, corn, &c.--The trinahara, kashthahara, and patrahara seem to denote different kinds of ants.