^xv:1 There are apparently two persons of this name. The other Abhaya, a son of king Srenika, was a patron of the Gainas, and is frequently mentioned in their legends and in the canonical books. In the Magghima Nikaya 58 (Abhayakumara Sutta) it is related that the Nigantha Nataputta made him engage in a disputation with Buddha. The question was so adroitly framed that whether the answer was Yes or No, it involved Buddha in self-contradiction. But the plan did not succeed, and Abhaya was converted by Buddha. There is nothing in this account to elucidate the doctrines of Nataputta.

^xvi:1 The name Siha occurs in the Bhagavati (Calcutta edition, p. 1267, see Hoernle, Uvasaga Dasao Appendix, p. 10) as that of a disciple of Mahavira; but as he was a monk, he cannot be identified with his namesake in the Mahavagga.

^xix:1 Sumangala Vilasini, p. 119 of the Pali Text Society edition.

^xx:1 Page 57 of the edition in the Pali Text Society.

^xx:2 The translations of Gogerly and of Burnouf in Grimblot, Sept Suttas Palis, were made without the help of a commentary, and may, therefore, be passed by. It is, however, open to doubt whether Buddhaghosa has drawn his information from genuine tradition, or had to rely on conjectures of his own.

^xx:3 See my paper, 'On Mahavira and his Predecessors,' in the Indian Antiquary, IX, 158 ff., where some of the above problems have been treated.

^xxi:1 In the Ragaprasni Parsva has a discussion with king Paesi and converts him, see Actes du VI Congres International des Orientalistes, vol. iii, P. 490 ff.

^xxii:1 See my paper on the origin of the Svetambara and Digambara sects in the Journal of the German Oriental Society, vol. xxxviii, p. 1 ff.

^xxiii:1 Samannaphala Sutta, Digha Nikaya II, 20.

^xxiii:2 Sumangala Vilasini, p. 162. Buddhaghosa expressly states that Gosala reckoned the Niganthas lower than his own lay disciples, who form the fourth class.--As Buddhaghosa does not take umbrage at Gosala's reckoning the Bhikkhus still lower, it is clear that he did not identify the Bhikkhus with the Buddhist monks.

^xxiii:3 See p. 250 of the Pali Text Society edition.

^xxiv:1 Akasa; it is not reckoned as a fifth element in the Buddhist account, but it is so in that of the Gainas, see below, <page 343>, and <page 237>, verse 15. This is a verbal, rather than a material difference.

^xxiv:2 I put here the original texts side by side so that their likeness may be more obvious:

asandipankama purisa matam adaya gakkhanti yava alahana padani pannapenti, kapotakani atthini bhavanti, bhassanta'hutiyo.

adahanae parehi niggai, aganigghamite sarire kavotavannaim atthini asandipankama purisa gamam pakkagakkhanti.

^xxiv:3 Loc. cit., p. 56.