186:18 A Vindhya tribe, according to the other Puráńas. The locality is confirmed by mythological personations; for Mekala is said to be a Rishi, the father of the river Narmadá; thence called Mekalá and Mekalakanyá: the mountain where it rises is also called Mekaládri. The Rámáyańa places the Mekalas amongst the southern tribes.

186:19 Utkala is still the native name of Orissa.

186:20 These may be the southern Pańchálas. p. 187 When Drońa overcame Drupada, king of Panchála, as related in the Mahábhárata, Ádi Parva, he retained half the country, that north of the Ganges, and restored to its former chief the other half, south of that river as far as to the Chambal. The capital of the latter became Mákandi on the Ganges; and the country included also Kámpilya, the Kampil of the Mohammedans, but placed by them in the Doab. The capital of the northern portion was Ahikshetra, a name traceable in the Adisathrus of Ptolemy, though the position differs: but Ahikshetra or Ahichchatra, as it is also written, seems to have been applied to more than one city.

187:21 Perhaps the people of Tirhut, along the Kosi.

187:22 'Having more than one back;' probable some nickname or term of derision. Thus we have, in the Rámáyańa and other works, enumerated amongst tribes, the Karńa-právarańas, 'those who wrap themselves up in their ears;' Asht́a-karńakas, 'the eight-eared;' or Osht́ha-karńakas, 'having lips extending to their ears;' Kákamukhas, 'crow-faced;' Ekapádukas, 'one-footed,' or rather 'one-slippered:' exaggerations of national ugliness, or allusions to peculiar customs, which were not literally intended, although they may have furnished the Mandevilles of ancient and modern times with some of their monsters. The spirit of the nomenclature is shewn by these tribes being associated with Kirátas, 'barbarians,' and Yavanas, either Greeks or Mohammedans.

187:23 A preferable reading seems to be Yugandhara: a city in the Punjab so called is mentioned in the Mahábhárata, Karńa P.

187:24 Read Bodhas, Godhas, and Saudhas. There is a Rajput tribe called Sodha.

187:25 This may consist of two names, and is so read in MSS., or the latter term occurs Kalingas; both terms are repeated. Besides the Machu of the north, a similar word,. Madru, is applied to Madura in the south. As. Res. IX. 428. The Rámáyańa has Madras in the east, as well as in the north.

187:26 The people of the Benares district, and that opposite.

187:27 The inhabitants of Ujayin.

187:28 These should be opposite to the Kuntis, but where either is situated does not appear.

187:29 The best reading is Gomanta, part of the Konkan about Goa.

187:30 The more usual reading is Khańd́as; one MS. has Parńas.