190:79 Also Kuśajas and Kośalas; the latter is probably correct, as the name does not occur in any other form than that of Kasikośalá above. Kośalá is a name variously applied. Its earliest and most celebrated application is to the country on the banks of the Sar.ayú, the kingdom of Ráma, of which Ayodhyá was the capital. Rámáyańa, I. s. 5. In the Mahábhárata we p. 191 have one Kośalá in the east, and another in the south, besides the Prak-kośalas and Uttara-kośalas in the east and north, The Puráńas place the Kośalas amongst the people or the back of Vindhya;' and it would appear from the Váyu that Kuśa, the son of Ráma, transferred his kingdom to a more central position; he ruled over Kośalá at his capital of Kuśasthalí or Kuśávatí, built upon the Vindhyan precipices: the same is alluded to in the Pátála Khańd́a of the Padma Puráńa, and in the Raghu Vanśa, for the purpose of explaining the return of Kuśa to Ayodhyá. Certainly in later times the country of Kośalá lay south of Oude, for in the Ratnávalí the general of Vatsa surrounds the king of Kośalá in the Vindhya mountains: (Hindu Theatre, II. 305:) and, as noticed in the same work, (p. 267,) we have in the Puráńas, Sapta Kośalas, or seven Kośalas. An inscription found at Ratnapur in Chattisgarh, of which I have an unpublished translation, states that Sri-deva, the governor of Malahari Mandala, having obtained the favour of Prithwideva, king of Kośalá, was enabled to build temples, and dig tanks, &c., indicating the extension of the power of Kośalá across the Ganges in that direction. The inscription is dated Samvat 915, or A. D. 858. The Kośalá of the Puráńas and of the dramatic and poetic writers was however more to the west, along a part of the Vindhya range. Ptolemy has a Kontakossula in the south, probably one of the Kośalas of the Hindus.

191:80 Also Itíkas; perhaps the Ishíkas or Aishíkas of the Váyu, &c. a people of the south.

191:81 The people of Kashmir.

191:82 One of the chief tribes engaged in the war of the Mahábhárata. The Rámáyańa places them in the west; the Puráńas in the north. The term Sindhu shews their position to have been upon the Indus, apparently in the Punjab.

191:83 These are also a people of the northwest, found both on the west of the Indus and in the Punjab, and well known to classical authors as the Gandarii and Gandaridæ. As. Res. XV. 103; also Journal of the R. As. Soc.; Account of the Foe-küe-ki.

191:84 From the context this should probably be Darvakas, the people of a district usually specified in connexion with the succeeding.

191:85 These are the inhabitants of the country bordering on Cashmir, to the south and west; known to the Greeks as the kingdom of Abisares. It often occurs in composition with Darya, as Darvábhisára. As. Res. XV. 24.

191:86 Also read Ulút́as and Kulút́as: the Rámáyańa has Kolúkas or Kaulút́as amongst the western tribes.